Dolomitinews 13 - Feltre: Poems ROSA AUTUMN shows and creative state
Saturday, December 5, at 16.30, for Unison Jazz Restaurant presents the book of poems "Autumn Rose" Luana Gorza. The group Incontrarte read several songs with musical interludes by William Nisi, tenor sax, and Massimo Bustreo, piano.
followed by the inauguration of the exhibition "creative state" exhibition at the Gallery of Claudia Augusta Piazza Maggiore (Show: 5 to 13 December 2009).
The initiatives are aimed at raising funds for the associations AISM of Helping Hands of Belluno and Feltre.
October 2009: at the CUS Bari started The second course of canoe travel. Other enthusiastic paddlers, paddlers and above, reinforce the already strong team of pioneers who have opened a year ago the group of the Knights of the Sea. Biagio and Walter have their great pains to transfer the basics of safe handling of sea kayaking to new recruits. We wish you all to keep alive the enthusiasm. So many good things in store for 2010!
On Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJ1iyWJEWS0
The Great Wall of China literally The long wall of 10,000 is a series of fortifications made of stone and earth in northern China, built, rebuilt and maintained between the 5th century BC and 16th century to protect the northern borders of the Chinese Empire from Xiongnu attacks during successive dynasties. From the 5th century BC, some walls have been built, which have been referred to as the Great Wall. One of the most famous is the wall built between 220-206 BC by the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. Little remains of that wall, most of the existing walls were built during the Ming Dynasty.
The Shanhaiguan Great Wall stretches from east of Lop Nur in the west, along an arc that outlines around the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. The most comprehensive survey of archaeological sites, using advanced technologies, has recently concluded that the whole Great Wall, with all its branches, extends over 8,851.8 km (5,500.3 m). This consists of 6,259.6 km (3,889.5 m) of sections of wall real, 359.7 kilometers (223.5 miles) of trenches and 2,232.5 km (1,387.2 MI) natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers.
The Chinese were already familiar with the techniques of wall construction at the time of the Spring and Autumn period, which began around the 8th century BC. During the Warring States Period from the 5th century BC to 221 BC, the states of Qi, Yan and Zhao all constructed extensive fortifications to defend their borders. Built to withstand the attack of small arms such as swords and spears, the walls were made mostly by stamping earth and gravel between board frames. Qin Shi Huang conquered all the states in conflict and unified China in 221 BC, establishing the Qin Dynasty. The intention to impose a centralized government and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he ordered the destruction of the wall sections that divided his empire along the old borders of the state. To protect the empire against intrusions by the Xiongnu people from the north, he ordered the construction of a new wall to connect the remaining fortifications along the northern border of the new. The transport of large quantities of materials needed for construction was difficult, so builders always tried to use local resources. The stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while rammed earth was used for construction in the plains. There are no surviving historical records indicating the exact length and course of the Qin Dynasty walls. Most of the ancient walls have eroded over the centuries, and very few sections remain today. Later, the Han, Sui, Northern and Jin dynasties all repaired, rebuilt or expanded sections of the Great Wall at great cost to defend against invaders from the north.
The Great Wall concept was taken up again during the Ming Dynasty following the Ming army's defeat by Oirats the Battle of Tumu in 1449. Ming had failed to gain a clear upper hand over the Manchurian and Mongolian tribes after successive battles, and the long drawn conflict was taking a toll on the empire. Ming adopted a new strategy to keep the nomadic tribes from the construction of walls along the northern border of China. Acknowledging the Mongol control established in the Ordos Desert, the wall followed the southern edge of the desert, instead of incorporating the bend of the Huang He. Photography the Great Wall in 1907
Unlike previous Qin fortifications, the Ming construction was stronger and more complete because of the use of brick and stone instead of rammed earth. As Mongol raids continued periodically over the years, the Ming devoted considerable resources to repair and strengthen the walls. Sections near the Ming capital of Beijing were especially strong.
During 1440-1460, the Ming also built a so-called "Liaodong Wall. Similar in function to the Great Wall (whose extension, in a sense, it was), but more basic in construction, the wall enclosed the agricultural heartland of the Liaodong Liaodong province, protects against potential incursions Jurched-Mongolian Oriyanghan from the northwest and north Jurchens Jianzhou. While the stones and tiles were used in some parts of the wall of Liaodong, most of it was actually just an earth embankment with ditches on both sides.
Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall to defend the empire against the Manchu invasions that began around 1600. Under the military command of Yuan Chonghuan, the Ming army held off the Manchus Shanhaiguan fortified the pass, preventing the Manchus from entering the heart of China. The Manchus were finally able to cross the Great Wall in 1644, when the doors were opened by Wu Shanhaiguan Sangui, a Ming border General, who disliked the activities of the rulers of the Shun Dynasty. The Manchus quickly seized Beijing, and defeated the newly founded Shun Dynasty and remaining Ming resistance, to establish the Qing dynasty.
In 2009, a further 290 km (180 miles) of previously undetected portion of the wall, built during the Ming Dynasty have been discovered. The recent discovery of sections ranging from the mountains in the northern province of Liaoning Hushan Jiayuguan in the western province of Gansu. The sections were submerged during the time the dust storms that move across the arid region.
Under the Qing government, China's borders extended beyond the walls and Mongolia was annexed to the empire, so construction and repairs on the Great Wall were discontinued.
